Common Name: cardoon, ornamental artichoke
Family: Asteraceae
Origin: Central/South Europe, Central Asia, North Africa
Tree/Shrub/Herb: Herbaceous perennial
Form: Upright
Habit: Clump forming
Buds: Alternate
Leaves: Pubescent, long and deeply divided, wavy margin
Flowers: Large composite flowers, many thin purple petals
Fruit: Seeds attached to fluffy strands which help spread them by the wind
Cultural Requirements: Dry, well drained soil, full sun, don't like rich soil
Landscape Uses: Striking foliage, eye-catching, height
Notes: Foliage emerges in May, biennial, monocarpic
Latin Name: Alchemilla mollis
Common Name: lady's mantle
Family: Rosaceae
Origin: Central Europe
Tree/Shrub/Herb: Herbaceous perennial
Form: Mounded
Habit: Clump forming
Buds: Alternate, basal
Leaves: Lobed, toothed leaves
Flowers: Small yellowish/green flowers in a pannicle
Cultural Requirements: Moist soil, full sun to semi shade
Landscape Uses: Foliage
Notes: Flowers in June/July, self-seeds prolifically
Common Name: Siberian bugloss
Family: Boraginaceae
Origin: Russia
Tree/Shrub/Herb: Herbaceous perennial
Form: Mounded
Habit: Clump forming
Buds: Alternate
Leaves: Large, puckered, mealy
Flowers: Blue, "forget-me-not" style flowers
Cultural Requirements: Wet soil, full sun to semi shade
Landscape Uses: Ground cover
Notes: Flowers in April, semi-evergreen
Common Name: masterwort
Family: Apiaceae
Origin: Central/Eastern Europe
Tree/Shrub/Herb: Herbaceous perennial
Form: Upright
Habit: Clump forming
Buds: Alternate
Leaves: Palmate veination, deeply divided, serrated margins, spines at tips
Flowers: Compound umbel, small white flowers
Stem/Bark: Finely grooved stem
Cultural Requirements: Prefers shade and moist soils
Landscape Uses: Plant in groupings for form
Notes: Flowers in mid/late summer
Common Name: monkshood
Family: Ranunculaceae
Origin: Western and Central Europe
Tree/Shrub/Herb: Herbaceous perennial
Form: Upright
Habit: Clump forming
Buds: Alternate
Leaves: Palmate, deeply divided
Flowers: Cymose raceme, builaterally symmetric, purple or white
Cultural Requirements: Moist soil, partial sun
Landscape Uses: Late summer colour
Notes: All parts are deadly poisonous
Common Name: Chinese pokeweed
Family: Phytolaccaceae
Origin: China
Tree/Shrub/Herb: Herbaceous perennial
Form: Upright
Habit: Branching
Buds: Alternate
Leaves: Wavy margin
Flowers: Raceme, pink flowers
Fruit: Berries
Cultural Requirements: Full sun to semi shade, moist soil
Landscape Uses: Striking height, eye-catching berries
Notes: Flowers July/Aug/Sept, poisonous
Common Name: delphinium, larkspur
Family: Ranunculaceae
Origin: Northern hemisphere
Tree/Shrub/Herb: Herbaceous perennial
Form: Upright
Habit: Clump forming
Buds: Alternate
Leaves: Simple, palmate, lobed, toothed
Flowers: Blueish/purple flowers on a spike
Cultural Requirements: Full sin, well-drained organic soil
Landscape Uses: Late summer blooms, works when planted in drifts
Notes: Quite poisonous, finished flowers can be deadheaded, flowering begins in June
Latin Name: Echinops ritro
Common Name: globe thistle
Family: Asteraceae
Origin: Mediterranean
Tree/Shrub/Herb: Herbaceous perennial
Form: Upright
Habit: Clump forming
Buds: Alternate
Leaves: Palmate, simple, many divisions, spiny with toothed margin
Flowers: Globe shaped, thin purplish petals
Stem/Bark: Grooved stalk
Cultural Requirements: Full sun to bright shade, dry soil
Landscape Uses: Form, foliage, unique inflorescence
Notes: Can grow to 4' tall
Common Name: Jerusalem sage
Family: Lamiaceae
Origin: Mediterranean
Tree/Shrub/Herb: Herbaceous perennial
Form: Upright
Habit: Mound forming
Buds: Opposite
Leaves: Basal, decussate, ovate shape, acute apex, fine hairs
Flowers: Flowers tiered along stem, pink, spike formation, whorled
Stem/Bark: Square stems
Cultural Requirements: Dry soil, full sun (OK in shade)
Landscape Uses: Foliage, nice seed heads in winter
Notes: Blooms May to July
Common Name: Solomon's seal
Family: Asparagaceae
Origin: Eastern/Central North America
Tree/Shrub/Herb: Herbaceous perennial
Form: Upright
Habit: Clump forming
Buds: Alternate
Leaves: Pinnate, lanceolate, connected by clasping ligule
Flowers: Pendulous, white
Stem/Bark: Arching stalks
Cultural Requirements: Shade, dry shade, moist to wet soils
Landscape Uses: Groundcover, foliage
Notes: Spreads aggressively
Common Name: salvia, "Black and Blue"
Family: Lamiaceae
Origin: Guatemala, Southern Mexico
Tree/Shrub/Herb: Herbaceous perennial
Form: Upright
Habit: Clump forming
Buds: Opposite
Leaves: Decussate, fat base narrowing to an acute point
Flowers: Dark calyx tube, blue bi-labiate corolla, bilaterally symmetric
Stem/Bark: Square stems
Cultural Requirements: Full sun, organic soil
Landscape Uses: Colour, foliage
Notes: Attracts hummingbirds
Common Name: devil's tabacco, tupa
Family: Campanulaceae
Origin: Chile
Tree/Shrub/Herb: Herbaceous perennial
Form: Upright
Habit: Clump forming
Buds: Alternate
Leaves: Whorled, sessile, ovate-lanceolate, serrulate, acute tip
Flowers: Bilaterally symmetric, racemose, dark calyx, reddish tube-shaped corolla
Cultural Requirements: Full sun, well drained soil
Landscape Uses: Colour, form
Notes: Attracts hummingbirds
Common Name: euphorbia, spurge
Family: Euphorbiaceae
Origin: Bhutan, Tibet, Southwest China
Tree/Shrub/Herb: Herbaceous perennial
Form: Mounded
Habit: Clump forming
Buds: Alternate
Leaves: Lanceolate, reddish in autumn
Flowers: Terminal, cymose, bracts under each inflorescence
Stem/Bark: Stems filled with burning white sap
Cultural Requirements: Moist to dry soil, full sun to semi shade
Landscape Uses: Foliage
Notes: Don't plant near playgrounds
Common Name: red bistort
Family: Polygonaceae
Origin: Himalayan
Tree/Shrub/Herb: Herbaceous perennial
Form: Upright
Habit: Clump forming
Buds: Alternate
Leaves: Stem leaves petiolate, inflorensence leaves clasping, serrate margin
Flowers: Small, pinkish flowers on a spike
Cultural Requirements: Moist soil, full sun to semi shade
Landscape Uses: Colour, form
Notes: Flowers mid/late summer
Common Name: creeping speedwell
Family: Plantaginaceae
Origin: Central Asia
Tree/Shrub/Herb: Herbaceous perennial
Form: Matlike
Habit: Spreading
Buds: Alternate
Leaves: Decussate, toothed
Flowers: Small blue flowers, cymose, 4 petals, 2 stamens, 4 sepals
Cultural Requirements: Moist soil, full sun to semi shade
Landscape Uses: Ground cover
Notes: Semi evergreen, flowers heavily in spring then continuously until winter
Common Name: bugbane
Family: Ranunculaceae
Origin: Northeast Asia
Tree/Shrub/Herb: Herbaceous perennial
Form: Upright
Habit: Clump forming
Buds: Opposite, basal
Leaves: Palmate, lobed, compound, jagged margin
Flowers: Racemose, white, branched infloresence
Cultural Requirements: Semi shade, moist soil
Landscape Uses: Striking spike with colour
Notes: Flowers in late summer
Common Name: cape fuchsia
Family: Plantaginaceae
Origin: South Africa
Tree/Shrub/Herb: Herbaceous perennial
Form: Upright
Habit: Clump forming
Buds: Opposite
Leaves: Deccusate, simple
Flowers: Panniculate, pinkish, tube shaped
Cultural Requirements: Full sun, well drained soil
Landscape Uses: Coulour, height, form
Notes: Sometimes defined as a sub-shrub
Common Name: fairy wings, barrenwort
Family: Berberidaceae
Origin: China, Japan, Korea
Tree/Shrub/Herb: Herbaceous perennial
Form: Mounded
Habit: Clump forming
Buds: Alternate Leaves: Compound, biturnate, spines on margin
Flowers: Can be many colours, bilaterally symmetric, petals are nectar spurs
Cultural Requirements: Moist to dry soil, partial to full shade
Landscape Uses: Low height/ground cover
Notes: Flowers emerge at the same time as leaves in early spring
Common Name: wormwood, mugwort
Family: Asteraceae
Origin: Temperate Asia
Tree/Shrub/Herb: Herbaceous perennial
Form: Upright
Habit: Clump forming
Buds: Alternate
Leaves: Pinnate, deeply divided, silvery
Flowers: No ray florets, not grown for flowers; some hybrids don't flower
Cultural Requirements: Well drained soil, full sun to semi shade
Landscape Uses: Contrast in foliage colour
Notes: Greyish foliage is due to many small hairs covering surface of leaves
Common Name: border phlox
Family: Polemoniaceae
Origin: Eastern US
Tree/Shrub/Herb: Herbaceous perennial
Form: Upright
Habit: Clump forming
Buds: Opposite
Leaves: Lanceolate, short petiole
Flowers: 5 lobed calyx, long tubular corolla, pink, pannicle
Cultural Requirements: Dry to moist soil, full sun
Landscape Uses: Summer colour and fragrance
Notes: Flowers in June/July
Common Name: sea holly
Family: Apiaceae
Origin: Northern Africa
Tree/Shrub/Herb: Herbaceous perennial
Form: Upright
Habit: Clump forming
Buds: Alternate
Leaves: Spiny bracts on infloresents; basal leaves have toothed margin, rounded apex, fleshy
Flowers: Blue, globose, compound
Cultural Requirements: Dry soil, full sun
Landscape Uses: Attractive seed heads for winter
Notes: Flowers in July/August
Common Name: montbretia
Family: Iridaceae
Origin: South Africa
Tree/Shrub/Herb: Herbaceous perennial
Form: Upright
Habit: Clump forming
Buds: Alternate, basal
Leaves: Long, pinnate, lanceolate, flat attachment at base
Flowers: Red, tubular shape, pannicle formation
Cultural Requirements: Hardy, dry soil, full sun to semi shade
Landscape Uses: Colour, attractive seed heads
Notes: Grows from corms, attracts hummingbirds
Common Name: orange ginger lily
Family: Zingiberaceae
Origin: Himalayan
Tree/Shrub/Herb: Herbaceous perennial
Form: Upright/mounded
Habit: Clump forming
Buds: Alternate
Leaves: Pinnate, lanceolate
Flowers: Orange flowers on a spike
Cultural Requirements: Needs good drainage and protection form the cold
Landscape Uses: Eye catching colour
Notes: Appears in July, flowers late summer/fall
Common Name: gooseneck loosestrife
Family: Myrsinaceae
Origin: China and Japan
Tree/Shrub/Herb: Herbaceous perennial
Form: Upright
Habit: Clump forming
Buds: Alternate
Leaves: Ovate, entire margins
Flowers: Racemose, white, drooping
Cultural Requirements: Wetter soils, semi shade, organic soil
Landscape Uses: Colour, form
Notes: Spreads aggressively, flowers in mid/late summer
Common Name: houttuynia, chameleon plant
Family: Saururaceae
Origin: East and Southeast Asia
Tree/Shrub/Herb: Herbaceous perennial
Form: Matlike
Habit: Spreading
Buds: Alternate
Leaves: Thick base narrowing to pointed apex, reddish colouration in "Chameleon" hybrid
Flowers: White flower with yellow probe in centre
Cultural Requirements: Wet soils, full sun
Landscape Uses: Ground cover
Notes: Spreads so aggressively and is so difficult to remove that it is not recommended to plant this species.... ever. It stinks like wet dog.
Common Name: red hot poker
Family: Xanthorrhoeaceae
Origin: South Africa
Tree/Shrub/Herb: Herbaceous perennial
Form: Upright
Habit: Clump forming
Buds: Basal
Leaves: Sword shaped, prominent mid-rib, pinnate
Flowers: Spike formation, tubular shape, determinate flowering
Cultural Requirements: Dry soil, full sun
Landscape Uses: Eye catching colour
Notes: Attracts hummingbirds
Common Name: agapanthis, Nile lily
Family: Agapanthaceae
Origin: South Africa
Tree/Shrub/Herb: Herbaceous perennial
Form: Upright
Habit: Clump forming
Buds: Basal
Leaves: Pinnate, lanceolate
Flowers: Umbeliferous, blue flowers on long stalks
Cultural Requirements: Good drainage, dry soil
Landscape Uses: Size, foliage, colour, seed heads in winter
Notes: Flowers July/August
Common Name: hardy glocsinia
Family: Bignoniaceae
Origin: Himalayas
Tree/Shrub/Herb: Herbaceous perennial
Form: Upright
Habit: Clump forming
Buds: Alternate
Leaves: Ovate, serrated margins
Flowers: Bilaterally symmetric, racemose, pink, tubular
Cultural Requirements: Moist, organic, well drained soil; semi-shade
Landscape Uses: Interest, colour
Notes: This is an uncommon species within the genus in the landscape trade
Common Name: rodgersia
Family: Saxifragaceae
Origin: Northern China
Tree/Shrub/Herb: Herbaceous perennial
Form: Upright
Habit: Clump forming
Buds: Basal
Leaves: Lobed, margin serrated, palmately compound, spatulate shape
Flowers: Pannicle formation, white florets, close in appearance to Astilbe infloresents
Cultural Requirements: Wet, organic soil; semi-shade
Landscape Uses: Foliage, covering large areas
Notes: aesculifolia is hard to spell
Common Name: plume poppy
Family: Papaveraceae
Origin: China and Japan
Tree/Shrub/Herb: Herbaceous perennial
Form: Upright
Habit: Clump forming
Buds: Alternate
Leaves: Compoundly lobed, scalloped margin, petiolate
Flowers: Pannicle formation, white
Stem/Bark: Very tall, unbranched stems to 6-10 feet
Cultural Requirements: Semi shade; moist, organic, well-drained soil
Landscape Uses: Height, interest
Notes: Will self seed but is not invasive
Latin Name: Heuchera sp.
Common Name: alumroot, coral bell
Family: Saxifragaceae
Origin: North America
Tree/Shrub/Herb: Herbaceous perennial
Form: Upright
Habit: Clump forming
Buds: Alternate
Leaves: Valued for their foliage, varigated leaves, basal
Flowers: Many coloured racemes
Cultural Requirements: Moist, well drained soil; full sun to partial shade
Landscape Uses: Colour, form
Notes: Flower in the spring
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