Latin Name: Chimonanthus praecox
Common Name: wintersweet
Family: Calycanthaceae
Origin: China
Tree/Shrub/Herb: Deciduous shrub
Form: Upright, irregular
Habit: Multi-stemmed from base
Buds: Opposite, twin terminal
Leaves: Lanceolate, arcuate veination, acute tip
Flowers: Yellow sepals with red petals, flowers in winter
Stem/Bark: Reddish-brown bark
Cultural Requirements: Moist, rich, well-drained soil, tolerates wetter soil, full sun to semi shade
Landscape Uses: Winter interest, fragrance
Notes: Grows to 15ft high, needs a larger garden space to fit
Common Name: Russian sage
Family: Lamiaceae
Origin: Central Asia/Middle East
Tree/Shrub/Herb: Deciduous shrub
Form: Erect shoots
Habit: Thicket forming
Buds: Opposite
Leaves: Silver-grey, notched, 5cm long
Flowers: Blue pannicles
Stem/Bark: Square stem, silver hairy coating
Cultural Requirements: Dry, lean soil, intolerant of wet conditions, full sun
Landscape Uses: Planted in drifts, use silver colour to contrast others
Notes: Has an intense sagey smell
Latin Name: Hibiscus syriacus
Common Name: rose of Sharon
Family: Malvaceae
Origin: Much of Asia
Tree/Shrub/Herb: Deciduous shrub
Form: Upright, vertical shoots, vase shaped
Habit: Multi stemmed from base
Buds: Alternate
Leaves: Simple, deeply serrated, tri-lobed
Flowers: Pink trumpet shaped
Fruit: Capsules which hold to the plant through winter
Stem/Bark: Grey/brown bark with vertical striations
Cultural Requirements: Dry soil, full sun, low water needs
Landscape Uses: Colour, specimen shrub
Notes: Not found in Syria, despite the name
Latin Name: Clethra barbinervis
Common Name: Japanese clethra
Family: Clethraceae
Origin: Eastern China, Japan
Tree/Shrub/Herb: Deciduous shrub
Form: Upright, rounded
Habit: Multi stemmed from base, vertical shoots
Buds: Alternate, yellowish
Leaves: Lanceolate, serrated, acute tip
Flowers: White pannicles blooming in June/July
Fruit: Small capsules
Stem/Bark: Reddish-brown peeling bark
Cultural Requirements: Irrigation dependent, full sun to semi shade
Landscape Uses: Specimen shrub
Notes: Sweetly fragrant when blooming
Common Name: white forsythia
Family: Oleaceae
Origin: Korea
Tree/Shrub/Herb: Deciduous shrub
Form: Upright, arching/irregular
Habit: Multi stemmed from base
Buds: Opposite
Leaves: Simple, pubescent, 6-10cm long
Flowers: White-pink flowers in February
Stem/Bark: Light brown peeling bark
Cultural Requirements: Moist, organic soil, full sun
Landscape Uses: Planted in drifts
Notes: Endangered in the wild growing only in 7 sites
Common Name: Italian arum
Family: Araceae
Origin: Europe
Tree/Shrub/Herb: Herbaceous perennial
Form: Low, clump forming
Habit: Foliage emerging from rhizomatous roots with flowering shoots
Buds: Basal
Leaves: Sagitate shape, acute tip, entire margin
Flowers: Spike of white flowers in September
Fruit: Red berries
Cultural Requirements: Moist to wetter soil, full sun to semi shade
Landscape Uses: At base of trees
Notes: Dormant in summer, foliage emerges in November, rhizomatous
Common Name: witch hazel
Family: Hamamelidaceae
Origin: Central and eastern China
Tree/Shrub/Herb: Deciduous shrub
Form: Upright, wide
Habit: Long dominant stems with twiggy growth
Buds: Alternate
Leaves: Round, oblique, undulating margin
Flowers: Long yellow sepals with red petals, blooming in winter
Fruit: Capsules
Stem/Bark: Grey/brown bark with long lenticels
Cultural Requirements: Average soil, well drained, drier conditions
Landscape Uses: Winter interest/colour
Notes: Flowers are quite fragrant
Common Name: stinking hellebore
Family: Ranunculaceae
Origin: Mountainous central and southern Europe
Tree/Shrub/Herb: Herbaceous perennial
Form: Low, rounded
Habit: Clump forming
Buds: Basal
Leaves: Palmately lobed, serrated margin, acute tip
Flowers: Pendulous, bright green flowers in winter
Cultural Requirements: Full sun to semi shade, moist, organic soil
Landscape Uses: Winter interest
Notes: Self seeds easily, flower stalks die mid-summer and are replaced by vegetative stalks
Common Name: hellebore
Family: Ranunculaceae
Origin: Garden origin
Tree/Shrub/Herb: Herbaceous perennial
Form: Low, rounded
Habit: Clump forming
Buds: Basal
Leaves: Palmately lobed, serrated margin, acute tip
Flowers: Multi coloured flowers appearing in winter
Cultural Requirements: Semi shade, moist soil
Landscape Uses: Winter interest
Notes: Susceptible to fungal black spotting on leaves
Common Name: eastern cyclamen
Family: Myrsinaceae
Origin: Eastern Mediterranean
Tree/Shrub/Herb: Herbaceous perennial
Form: Low, spreading
Habit: Emerging from bulbs
Buds: Basal
Leaves: Small, rounded, rosy underside
Flowers: Pink flowers in winter
Cultural Requirements: Semi-shade, moist organic soil
Landscape Uses: Groundcover
Notes: Tuberous, dormant in the summer
Common Name: ivy-leaved cyclamen
Family: Myrsinaceae
Origin: Eastern Mediterranean
Tree/Shrub/Herb: Herbaceous perennial
Form: Low, spreading
Habit: Emerging from bulbs
Buds: BasalLeaves: Larger leaf than C. coum, chordate shape
Flowers: Pink flowers in the fall
Cultural Requirements: Semi-shade, moist organic soil
Landscape Uses: Ground cover
Notes: Tuberous, dormant in the summer
Common Name: cistus
Family: Cistaceae
Origin: Mediterraneae
Tree/Shrub/Herb: Evergreen shrub
Form: Rounded
Habit: Clump forming
Buds: Opposite
Leaves: Ovate, undulating margin, acute tip
Flowers: White flowers in summer, yellow stamens
Fruit: Five-valved capsule
Stem/Bark: Dark brown serrated bark, green new shoots
Cultural Requirements: Lean, dry, rocky, well drained soil, full sun
Landscape Uses: Occupying very dry, nutrient poor sites
Notes: Sometimes knows as rock rose, but this is an overly ubiquitous common name
Common Name: winter flowering jasmine
Family: Oleaceae
Origin: China
Tree/Shrub/Herb: Deciduous shrub
Form: Prostrate
Habit: Multi stemmed from base, spreading
Buds: Opposite
Leaves: Deeply divided leaves
Flowers: Yellow, tube shaped, 6 petals
Stem/Bark: Green or brown square stems
Cultural Requirements: Full sun, no irrigation necessary
Landscape Uses: Mass plantings
Notes: Flowers from November to March
Common Name: sugar maple
Family: Sapindaceae
Origin: Eastern North America
Tree/Shrub/Herb: Deciduous tree
Form: Upright, oval
Habit: Dense foliage
Buds: Opposite
Leaves: 5 lobed with two smaller basal lobes
Flowers: Small, yellowish-green flowers appearing before leaves in April
Fruit: Samaras
Stem/Bark: Grey/brown, platy bark
Cultural Requirements: Well drained, rich soil, full sun
Landscape Uses: Park tree
Notes: This tree is used to harvest maple syrup
Common Name: snakebark maple
Family: Sapindaceae
Origin: Eastern North America
Tree/Shrub/Herb: Deciduous tree
Form: Irregular, generally vaselike
Habit: Dense branching, multiple main stems from base
Buds: Opposite
Leaves: Tri lobed, bright green
Flowers: Pendulous yellow clusters flowering in May
Fruit: Samaras
Stem/Bark: Distinct green/grey striated bark
Cultural Requirements: Cool, moist, acidic soil, partial shade
Landscape Uses: Large interest tree in a large garden space on a shady site
Notes: This plant photosynthesizes through its stems
Common Name: filbert
Family: Betulaceae
Origin: Eastern Europe, Asia Minor
Tree/Shrub/Herb: Deciduous tree
Form: Rounded, vaselike
Habit: Multi stemmed from base, long arching main stems
Buds: Alternate
Leaves: Rounded, toothed
Flowers: Yellow catkins
Fruit: Edible nuts
Stem/Bark: Brown, woody
Cultural Requirements: Acidic, rich, moist, well-drained soil in full sun to partial shade
Landscape Uses: Large garden tree
Notes: C. maxima 'Purpurea' is a popular cultivar (pictured)
Common Name: green ash, red ash
Family: Oleaceae
Origin: Eastern/Central North America
Tree/Shrub/Herb: Deciduous tree
Form: Upright crown, oval
Habit: Medium texture
Buds: Opposite
Leaves: Pinnately compound, leaflets are lanceolate, 5-9 per rachis
Flowers: Greenish, blooming in mid/late April
Fruit: Full sun, moist and fertile soils, is tolerant of poorly drained soil
Stem/Bark: Grey bark, stout stems
Cultural Requirements:
Landscape Uses: Park tree, boulevard tree
Notes: This tree is dioecious
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Common Name: common witch hazel
Family: Hamamelidaceae
Origin: Eastern North America
Tree/Shrub/Herb: Deciduous shrub
Form: Upright, vaselike
Habit: Multi stemmed from base, long primary stems
Buds: Alternate
Leaves: Simple, obovate, coarsely toothed
Flowers: Yellow spider-like petals
Fruit: Capsules
Stem/Bark: Grey/brown bark
Cultural Requirements: Moist, cool, acidic soil, full sun to partial shade
Landscape Uses: Winter interest
Notes: Found as far north as Nova Scotia
Common Name: Virginia sweetspire
Family: Itaceae
Origin: Eastern US
Tree/Shrub/Herb: Deciduous shrub
Form: Rounded
Habit: Multi stemmed from base, suckering
Buds: Alternate
Leaves: Simple, elliptical, acute apex
Flowers: Racemes of white flowers blooming in June
Fruit: Small capsules which persist through winter
Stem/Bark: Purple-red to green stems
Cultural Requirements: Rich, moist soil, full sun to part shade
Landscape Uses: Early summer blooming, best planted en masse
Notes: Can be semi-evergreen in warmer climates
Common Name: black tupelo
Family: Nyssaceae
Origin: Eastern North America
Tree/Shrub/Herb: Deciduous tree
Form: Pyramidal
Habit: Apically dominant with horizontal primary branching
Buds: Alternate
Leaves: Simple, ovate, 3' to 6' long
Fruit: Bluish-black drupes
Stem/Bark: Dark grey-brown bark
Cultural Requirements: Deep, moist, acidic, well drain soil, full sun
Landscape Uses: Park tree
Notes: This plant is dioecious
Common Name: garry oak
Family: Fagaceae
Origin: Western North America
Tree/Shrub/Herb: Deciduous tree
Form: Generally round, wide, spreading
Habit: Not apically dominant, diffuse branching
Buds: Alternate
Leaves: Typical oak shape, 3-7 lobes
Flowers: Catkins
Fruit: Acorns
Stem/Bark: Brown, woody
Cultural Requirements: Moist but not wet soil, average quality, full sun
Landscape Uses: Park tree
Notes: This plant will sucker from the base
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